Answer:
Bilateral Anophthalmos.
Findings:
Imaging reveals bilateral anophthalmos- air pockets were seen in the remnant of dysplastic globe bilaterally. Optic nerves could not be delineated bilaterally. The extraocular muscles, lacrimal apparatus and bony orbit are present, however the orbits are diminished in size. The extraocular muscles are also hypoplastic.
Discussion
Anophthalmia denotes the complete absence of an eye due to a developmental defect and is extremely rare. More commonly, a small cystic remnant is seen and the term clinical anophthalmia is used. Bilateral cases suggest an early teratogenic event related to failure of the optic pit todevelop.In true anophthalmia, there is absence of neuroectodermal tissue within the orbit. Those structures not derived from neuroectoderm such as extraocular muscles,eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and bony orbit are present; however, the orbit is diminished in size, and orbital soft tissues including the optic nerve and extraocular muscles are rather hypoplastic. In true anophthalmia, in addition to absence of the globes, the optic nerves and the optic chiasm may be absent. The optic tracts may be rudimentary, and the lateral geniculate nuclei may begliotic. On CT and MR imaging there may be either rudimentary tissue or no globe present. At times, dystropic calcification may be present within the rudimentary tissue.
The extraocular muscles, lacrimal glands, and eyelids are present.
Reference- Head and Neck Imaging by Peter M. Som, M.D. Fourth Edition
Contributed By: Dr. Arun Chelladurai MD, Dr. Karunakaran M. Kalathi MD
Consultant Radiologists, Aarthi Scans, Thirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Bilateral Anophthalmos.
Findings:
Imaging reveals bilateral anophthalmos- air pockets were seen in the remnant of dysplastic globe bilaterally. Optic nerves could not be delineated bilaterally. The extraocular muscles, lacrimal apparatus and bony orbit are present, however the orbits are diminished in size. The extraocular muscles are also hypoplastic.
Discussion
Anophthalmia denotes the complete absence of an eye due to a developmental defect and is extremely rare. More commonly, a small cystic remnant is seen and the term clinical anophthalmia is used. Bilateral cases suggest an early teratogenic event related to failure of the optic pit todevelop.In true anophthalmia, there is absence of neuroectodermal tissue within the orbit. Those structures not derived from neuroectoderm such as extraocular muscles,eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and bony orbit are present; however, the orbit is diminished in size, and orbital soft tissues including the optic nerve and extraocular muscles are rather hypoplastic. In true anophthalmia, in addition to absence of the globes, the optic nerves and the optic chiasm may be absent. The optic tracts may be rudimentary, and the lateral geniculate nuclei may begliotic. On CT and MR imaging there may be either rudimentary tissue or no globe present. At times, dystropic calcification may be present within the rudimentary tissue.
The extraocular muscles, lacrimal glands, and eyelids are present.
Reference- Head and Neck Imaging by Peter M. Som, M.D. Fourth Edition
Contributed By: Dr. Arun Chelladurai MD, Dr. Karunakaran M. Kalathi MD
Consultant Radiologists, Aarthi Scans, Thirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
